{"site":"https://xn--80afc2cmz4b8ab.xn--p1ai/","g":[{"id":"cases","num":1,"short":"Особые случаи","title":"Особые случаи","note":"Главное, что спрашивают на зачётах, и смежные случаи из зарубежных учебников.","type":"cases","s":[{"t":"В свободном падении","sl":"freefall","k":"cases.freefall","n":5},{"t":"Полный отказ основного парашюта","sl":"total-failure","k":"cases.total-failure","n":4},{"t":"Частичный высокоскоростной отказ","sl":"high-speed","k":"cases.high-speed","n":5},{"t":"Частичный низкоскоростной отказ","sl":"low-speed","k":"cases.low-speed","n":6},{"t":"Исправимые проблемы с основным","sl":"fixable-main","k":"cases.fixable-main","n":6},{"t":"Два купола","sl":"two-canopies","k":"cases.two-canopies","n":8},{"t":"Под куполом","sl":"under-canopy","k":"cases.under-canopy","n":4},{"t":"Порядок действий при отказе","sl":"malfunction-plan","k":"cases.malfunction-plan","n":6},{"t":"Авария летательного аппарата","sl":"aircraft","k":"cases.aircraft","n":4,"fl":1},{"t":"Раскрытие в самолёте и при отделении","sl":"early-deploy","k":"cases.early-deploy","n":3,"fl":1},{"t":"Препятствия и вне площадки","sl":"obstacles","k":"cases.obstacles","n":8,"fl":1},{"t":"Ветер и манёвры у земли","sl":"ground-wind","k":"cases.ground-wind","n":4,"fl":1}],"cs":{"injured-freefall":"injured-in-freefall","premature-open":"premature-container-ff","steering-tangle":"steering-line-entanglement","pc-entangled":"pc-entangled-canopy","brake-release":"premature-brake-release","second-deploying":"one-open-second-deploying","main-reserve-tangle":"main-reserve-entanglement","canopy-cloud":"canopy-in-cloud","risers-stuck":"risers-not-released","aircraft-rule":"aircraft-general-rule","premature-aircraft":"premature-in-aircraft","premature-exit":"premature-at-exit","hung-aircraft":"hung-on-aircraft","obstacle-rules":"obstacles-general"},"n":63},{"id":"tricky","num":2,"short":"Каверзные","title":"Редкие особые случаи / каверзные вопросы","note":"Нестандартные ситуации, которых нет в студенческих учебниках. Каждая позиция — со ссылкой на первоисточник и дословной цитатой; мнения, которые расходятся, показаны рядом.","type":"tricky","s":[{"t":"В самолёте","sl":"aircraft","k":"tricky.aircraft","n":4},{"t":"Снаряжение","sl":"gear","k":"tricky.gear","n":5},{"t":"В падении","sl":"freefall","k":"tricky.freefall","n":9},{"t":"Приборы","sl":"instruments","k":"tricky.instruments","n":4},{"t":"Раскрытие","sl":"deployment","k":"tricky.deployment","n":9},{"t":"Под куполом","sl":"under-canopy","k":"tricky.under-canopy","n":12},{"t":"Приземление","sl":"landing","k":"tricky.landing","n":8}],"cs":{"descent-aad-fire":"aircraft-descent-aad-fire","door-deployment":"premature-deployment-in-door","aircraft-emergency":"aircraft-emergency-low","bailout-timing":"bailout-pull-timing","mard-no-cutaway":"mard-reserve-before-cutaway","downsize-decision":"downsize-pressure-vs-upsize-option","reserve-main-size":"reserve-size-vs-main-mismatch","vision-blocked":"vision-blocked-freefall","hard-pull-retry":"hard-pull-second-attempt","chest-strap-open":"chest-strap-open-freefall","loose-leg-straps":"leg-straps-loose-freefall","reserve-handle-loose":"reserve-handle-dislodged","cutaway-handle-loose":"floating-cutaway-handle","horseshoe-no-cutaway":"horseshoe-snag-reserve-without-cutaway","cutaway-or-reserve":"handle-not-found-cutaway-or-not","cloud-entry":"unintentional-cloud-entry-freefall-canopy","altimeter-failure":"altimeter-failure-freefall","aad-altitude-raise":"aad-activation-altitude-raise","aad-fire-quit":"aad-fire-should-you-quit-jumping","pc-tow-choice":"pc-in-tow-choices","rsl-wont-help":"rsl-does-not-help-pc-in-tow","spin-or-cutaway":"spinning-line-twists","handle-stuck-spin":"cutaway-handle-wont-pull-spin","below-decision-alt":"decision-altitude-vs-hard-deck","deploy-below":"deployment-collision-inflating-below","stabilize-first":"stabilize-before-reserve-after-cutaway","check-main-gone":"check-main-gone-after-cutaway","aad-under-main":"aad-fire-main-open","stuck-toggle":"toggle-stuck-brake","low-collision-choice":"low-canopy-collision-cutaway-or-reserve","downplane-choice":"downplane-steer-or-cutaway","tangle-no-rush":"main-reserve-entanglement-dont-rush-cutaway","two-canopies-choice":"two-canopies-keep-or-cut","reserve-under-main":"reserve-deploying-under-good-main","canopy-tangle":"canopy-collision-entangled","right-of-way":"right-of-way-lower-canopy-not-absolute","turbulence-size":"turbulence-canopy-size-tradeoff","collision-imminent":"imminent-canopy-collision-steer-or-cutaway","one-hand-flare":"flag-demo-one-hand-flare","landing-downwind":"landing-off-downwind","high-wind-landing":"high-wind-landing-drag","broken-toggle-landing":"riser-landing-broken-toggle","flat-turn":"flat-turn-vs-fly-it-dont-fight-it"},"n":51},{"id":"memo","num":3,"short":"Памятка","title":"Памятка: что дёргать?","note":"Случаи, где действуют исключения из обычного порядка. Под названием — коротко, что именно и при каком условии, и в каких учебниках это написано.","type":"memo","s":[{"t":"Отключи транзит/RSL, обязательно","sl":"rsl-must","k":"memo.rsl-must","n":7},{"t":"Отключи транзит/RSL, по обстоятельствам / разные мнения","sl":"rsl-maybe","k":"memo.rsl-maybe","n":8},{"t":"Не расчековывай клеванты, обязательно","sl":"brakes-must","k":"memo.brakes-must","n":2},{"t":"Не расчековывай клеванты, по обстоятельствам / разные мнения","sl":"brakes-maybe","k":"memo.brakes-maybe","n":3},{"t":"Не делай подушку","sl":"noflare","k":"memo.noflare","n":5},{"t":"Сразу запасной, а не отцепка, однозначно","sl":"reserve-must","k":"memo.reserve-must","n":3},{"t":"Сразу запасной, а не отцепка, по обстоятельствам / разные мнения","sl":"reserve-maybe","k":"memo.reserve-maybe","n":6},{"t":"Стропорез, обязательно","sl":"knife-must","k":"memo.knife-must","n":1},{"t":"Стропорез, по обстоятельствам / разные мнения","sl":"knife-maybe","k":"memo.knife-maybe","n":4}],"cs":{"second-deploying":"one-open-second-deploying","main-reserve-tangle":"main-reserve-entanglement","premature-aircraft":"premature-in-aircraft","hung-aircraft":"hung-on-aircraft","injured-freefall":"injured-in-freefall"},"n":39},{"id":"approach","num":4,"short":"Заход","title":"Как долететь и сесть точно","note":"Как лететь дальше, если не дотягиваешь, и как сесть ближе, если перелетаешь; что меняют ветер наверху и у земли, режим торможения и загрузка купола. Цифры — из учебников, расчёты и оценки помечены.","type":"approach","s":[{"t":null,"sl":null,"k":"approach.0","n":3,"it":[["sim","Тренажёр: заход при разном ветре"],["modes","Тренажёр клевант: как тянуть для увеличения дальности?"],["tips","Как попасть в площадку: тормоза, перелёт, недолёт"]]}],"cs":{"wind-sim":"sim","toggle-sim":"modes","landing-tips":"tips"},"n":3},{"id":"check","num":5,"short":"Проверки","title":"Проверьте себя на каждом этапе прыжка","note":"Что проверять и чего не делать — от укладочной до ухода с поля. Действия в особых случаях — в главах 1–3.","type":"check","s":[{"t":"Что проверять по этапам","sl":"checklist","k":"check.checklist","n":14},{"t":"Часто забывают / ошибки","sl":"mistakes","k":"check.mistakes","n":3}],"cs":{"jump-break":"break","jump-plan":"plan","gear-check":"gearcheck","buddy-check":"partner","after-landing":"after","ground-phase":"m-ground","air-phase":"m-air","canopy-phase":"m-canopy"},"n":17},{"id":"prob","num":6,"short":"Вероятность","title":"Вероятность особых случаев","note":"Как часто случается и чем заканчивается. «Если случилось» — доля исходов среди случаев этой ситуации; «в целом» — риск на один прыжок (частота × доля), он показывает, что реально уносит больше жизней. Прямой статистики почти нет: серые цифры с «≈» — оценки по смежным данным, поэтому порядок ориентировочный. Откуда каждая цифра — внутри карточки.","type":"prob","s":[{"t":null,"sl":null,"k":"prob.0","n":55,"it":[["unstable-freefall","Нестабильное падение, вращение"],["altimeter-lost","Потеря контроля высоты, отказ высотомера"],["freefall-collision","Столкновение в свободном падении"],["injured-in-freefall","Недееспособность в прыжке"],["pull-priorities","Ошибка с решением, приоритетом, высотой"],["total-general","Полный отказ: общий порядок"],["handle-not-found","Бобышка не нашлась"],["hard-pull","Тяжёлое выдёргивание"],["pc-in-tow","Медуза выброшена, ранец не открылся"],["premature-container-ff","Ранец открылся в падении"],["horseshoe","Дуга / зацепка"],["bag-lock","Невыход купола из камеры"],["streamer","Купол не наполнен, флаг, груша"],["tension-knots","Узлы на стропах"],["line-over","Перехлёст строп"],["broken-lines","Обрыв строп"],["torn-canopy","Порыв купола"],["spinning-malfunction","Прогрессирующая закрутка, вращение"],["broken-toggle","Клеванта: обрыв, нерасчековка"],["steering-line-entanglement","Запутывание (узел) строп управления"],["line-twists","Закрутка строп"],["slider-hangup","Несход слайдера"],["end-cells","Крайние секции не наполнены"],["pc-entangled-canopy","Медуза обернула купол/стропы"],["premature-brake-release","Клеванта расчековалась"],["lost-toggles","Не найти клеванты под куполом"],["one-open-second-deploying","Один купол наполнен, второй выходит/висит"],["biplane","Биплан"],["side-by-side","Веер"],["downplane","Колокол"],["in-between","Веер-биплан одновременно"],["main-reserve-entanglement","Запутывание основного и запасного"],["reserve-lineover","Перехлёст запасного парашюта"],["round-reserve-double","Два купола: основное крыло и круглый запасной"],["canopy-in-cloud","Попадание под куполом в облако"],["canopy-convergence","Сближение с другим куполом"],["canopy-collision","Столкновение и запутывание куполов"],["canopy-wrap","Обёртывание куполом другого парашютиста"],["aircraft-low","Авария ЛА на малой высоте"],["aircraft-mid","Авария ЛА на средней высоте"],["aircraft-high","Авария ЛА на большой высоте"],["premature-in-aircraft","Открытие в самолёте"],["premature-at-exit","Непреднамеренное открытие ранца при отделении"],["hung-on-aircraft","Зависание за самолётом"],["water","Приводнение"],["power-lines","Приземление на линии электропередач"],["trees","Приземление на деревья, в лес"],["buildings","Приземление на здания, сооружения, автомобили"],["roof","Приземление на крышу"],["runway","Сел около самолёта"],["off-field","Приземление вне площадки"],["turbulence","Турбулентность под куполом и у земли"],["high-wind-drag","Тащит по земле ветром"],["downwind-landing","Вынужденная посадка по ветру"],["low-turn","Низкий разворот"]]}],"cs":{"injured-freefall":"injured-in-freefall","premature-open":"premature-container-ff","steering-tangle":"steering-line-entanglement","pc-entangled":"pc-entangled-canopy","brake-release":"premature-brake-release","second-deploying":"one-open-second-deploying","main-reserve-tangle":"main-reserve-entanglement","canopy-cloud":"canopy-in-cloud","premature-aircraft":"premature-in-aircraft","premature-exit":"premature-at-exit","hung-aircraft":"hung-on-aircraft"},"n":55},{"id":"quiz","num":7,"short":"Тест","title":"Подготовка к тестам","note":"Вопросы в случайном порядке. Каждый правильный ответ подтверждают не меньше 90% учебников, которые эту тему описывают, и он не противоречит российским; где учебники расходятся — в вопросе прямо сказано, по какому учебнику. Прогресс хранится только в этом браузере.","type":"quiz","s":[],"n":592},{"id":"know","num":8,"short":"Другое","title":"Другое: цифры, снаряжение, AFF","note":null,"type":"cases","s":[{"t":null,"sl":null,"k":"know.0","n":1,"it":[["wl-calc","Калькулятор коэффициента загрузки"]]},{"t":null,"sl":null,"k":"know.1","n":1,"it":[["dz-map","Карта дропзон России"]]},{"t":null,"sl":null,"k":"know.2","n":2,"it":[["comm-ru","Общение, каналы, клубы, телеграм — на русском"],["comm-fx","Общение, каналы, клубы — на иных языках"]]},{"t":"Ключевые высоты, скорости и правила","sl":"key-numbers","k":"know.key-numbers","n":12,"ne":"Другие выдержки, подборки чисел, справка","nc":1},{"t":"Снаряжение и страхующие системы","sl":"gear-safety","k":"know.gear-safety","n":4,"ne":"Другие выдержки, подборки чисел, справка","nc":1},{"t":"Во время обучения AFF (прыжки 1–8)","sl":"aff-training","k":"know.aff-training","n":6,"ne":"Другие выдержки, подборки чисел, справка","nc":1}],"cs":{"community-ru":"comm-ru","community-intl":"comm-fx","decision-alt":"k-decision-alt","hard-deck":"k-hard-deck","attempts-rule":"k-attempts","canopy-check":"k-canopy-check","high-vs-low":"k-high-vs-low","safe-descent":"k-safe-rod","total-speed":"k-total-speed","partial-speed":"k-partial-speed","aad-time":"k-aad-time","aad-alt":"k-aad-alt","reserve-float":"k-reserve-float","failure-causes":"k-causes","instructor-4-7":"lost-instructor-4-7"},"n":26},{"id":"lit","num":9,"short":"Литература","title":"Литература","note":"Цветная метка на карточках = документ из этого списка. Копия PDF на этом сайте и ссылка на оригинал.","type":"lit","s":[{"t":"Русскоязычные учебники и документы","sl":"ru","n":45},{"t":"Иностранные учебники","sl":"foreign","n":15},{"t":"Хотя бы раз прочитай инструкцию к своей системе или прибору!","sl":"manuals","n":59},{"t":"Видео особых случаев","sl":"video","n":60},{"t":"Термины","sl":"terms","n":190}],"n":369}],"f":{"cases.freefall":"cases.freefall.824575f0b6.json","cases.total-failure":"cases.total-failure.532aa3a7f3.json","cases.high-speed":"cases.high-speed.f8bb0377aa.json","cases.low-speed":"cases.low-speed.6aebe51ee6.json","cases.fixable-main":"cases.fixable-main.cf61f05e97.json","cases.two-canopies":"cases.two-canopies.802a19f3b2.json","cases.under-canopy":"cases.under-canopy.de32a548a1.json","cases.malfunction-plan":"cases.malfunction-plan.acc40fe76c.json","cases.aircraft":"cases.aircraft.7e3d8b6374.json","cases.early-deploy":"cases.early-deploy.46ebe9c940.json","cases.obstacles":"cases.obstacles.341b20f66b.json","cases.ground-wind":"cases.ground-wind.39450e13f4.json","tricky.aircraft":"tricky.aircraft.e5eb844554.json","tricky.gear":"tricky.gear.db367438c4.json","tricky.freefall":"tricky.freefall.d894ce911e.json","tricky.instruments":"tricky.instruments.05efb6776b.json","tricky.deployment":"tricky.deployment.e63050946a.json","tricky.under-canopy":"tricky.under-canopy.4c45a246d7.json","tricky.landing":"tricky.landing.906582d2d7.json","memo.rsl-must":"memo.rsl-must.aa81d91a5e.json","memo.rsl-maybe":"memo.rsl-maybe.19153f623c.json","memo.brakes-must":"memo.brakes-must.4f96b69e46.json","memo.brakes-maybe":"memo.brakes-maybe.8b810f0974.json","memo.noflare":"memo.noflare.31c4fce64b.json","memo.reserve-must":"memo.reserve-must.ac833e7a97.json","memo.reserve-maybe":"memo.reserve-maybe.22dcd1199f.json","memo.knife-must":"memo.knife-must.0b8b094968.json","memo.knife-maybe":"memo.knife-maybe.5f622b4519.json","approach.0":"approach.0.1ec9a73839.json","check.checklist":"check.checklist.d480b6cca2.json","check.mistakes":"check.mistakes.c5effdbe7d.json","know.0":"know.0.f01ce91d0f.json","know.1":"know.1.b1b9eff810.json","know.2":"know.2.e0f3c8eec8.json","know.key-numbers":"know.key-numbers.bf710bac81.json","know.gear-safety":"know.gear-safety.b4067fcb1d.json","know.aff-training":"know.aff-training.7fa504e7e2.json","prob":"prob.de8db29436.json","s":"s.b80fe4198b.json","vid":"vid.e838467680.json","quiz":"quiz.484a25ee30.json","lit":"lit.8f6d291a86.json","ap":"ap.1086d2bf3f.json","idx":"idx.24e1f735ef.json","paths":"paths.982caa145e.json"},"z":{"prob":213760,"quiz":704463,"idx":932483},"apjs":"approach.2e3e6348cd.js","incy":[2014,2025],"al":{"after-exit":"cases","before-exit":"cases","landing":"cases"},"off":"11"}